The Science of Science (SoS) is a field that studies the dynamics of science itself using established scientific methods. Its importance lies in its ability to guide and shape contemporary scientific progress. SoS research often employs quantitative methods to analyze the components and actors within the "academic ecosystem."

There are two main approaches in existing SoS literature: developing specific methods for measuring and analyzing scientific dynamics, and adapting general-purpose methods like Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence for SoS purposes. While these methods have significantly advanced the field, the authors argue that a breakthrough in understanding SoS requires new, uncharted paradigms. Their proposal is to incorporate biological principles, models, and techniques into SoS research.

Biology, which studies living organisms and their interactions, has historically driven breakthroughs across various scientific fields. The authors suggest that the pursuit of scientific knowledge mirrors the behaviors of organisms within ecosystems. Researchers, like organisms, aim to "survive" and succeed within the academic ecosystem, exhibiting behaviors at both individual and community levels.

By integrating biological concepts into SoS research, the authors believe new insights and paradigms can be uncovered, transforming our understanding of the science behind science.